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A genuine Mauser 98, the Model M48 is a strong, good example the original bolt-action Rifles. Made on German Tooling set up in formerly occupied Serbia.
![]() Mauser C- 9. 6NOTE - Total newbies trying to identify a gun might want to start on the Quick Identification Page. These pistols are collector's items. That means that nobody now uses them as workaday guns. No military or police force anywhere is known to carry the C- 9. I've heard about were the ceremonial guards at Mao's tomb. But mention collectors, and you'll see combat a- plenty - it's the inevitable cage match between the Aristotelians and the Platonists, the . One of the books describes and pictures some seventy distinct variations. I've identified more. It's as bad as collecting PEZ dispensers, but more expensive. Some sold in large numbers. Others were duds, and were quickly dropped. In a very real sense, the common ones are the important ones. And they are the ones which approach the Platonic ideal of the Mauser - the one you'd show them when the kids ask, . For the purposes of this site, I am going to make a break with the books, ignore the rarer variants, and concentrate on the . It didn't take the Mauser factory long to debug the design, and very soon after startup, reliable and remarkably sturdy pistols were being cranked out by the thousands. Except for an enforced hiatus at the end of World War One, the pistol stayed in continuous production for more than forty years. But for a while, the factory flailed about with a blizzard of minor variations and strange stylistic experiments. Six- shot and twenty- shot magazines, the . These had all pretty much disappeared by the time serial numbers reached the 4. I doubt it; lacking documentation, it's all guesswork), and so constitute a very small fraction of the total production of well over a million pistols. If we eliminate this small percentage of early pistols, a mere half- dozen major variants remain. Ninety five percent of the guns made were one or another of these variants - . Prewar Commercial, of two minor variants - around 2. In the C- 9. 6 context, the . Red 9 - around 1. Postwar Bolo, of two minor variants - around 3. M- 3. 0, of several minor variants - around 1. Schnellfeuer - close to 1. USA, thanks to the 1. National Firearms Act. Most of the terminology is not entirely standardized. And most of it is modern - Mauser never sold a new gun as a Prewar Commercial, for instance. However M- 3. 0 is almost an official Mauser designation, as is Schnellfeuer (more properly, Schnellfeuer- pistole). The unofficial names used by modern collectors are relatively well- known but vary somewhat in practice. On this site, I refer to all variants of the pistol as the C- 9. The name Bolo is common but not standardized. I use it for any C- 9. Others may apply the term to guns with either a short barrel or nasty little grips. Parts names I use appear on the exploded view. And keep in mind that . Stable Production Period is a new term - it doesn't appear in the books. K98 Mauser for Sale – Buy a K98 Mauser Online The K98 Mauser is for sale every day at GunBroker.com. You can buy this and other popular antique and collectible. Randy Smith shares information about old Mauser rifles on Guns and Shooting Online. Fine Historical & Modern Firearms such as Mauser Rifles, P-08 Luger Pistols, P38 Autos, 1911 Autos and more by Mitchell\'s Mausers. Ed Turner shares information about his custom built Mauser 98 based.257 Hunting Rifle. The Swedish Mauser Rifles. Steve Kehaya. It is somewhat ironic that the rifles we in North America know so well as the "Swedish Mauser" were never. Description of the F. Rifle (Mauser System) The rifle Is composed of the following main parts: 1. The barrel with frontand rear sfght. It extends from about 1. Prussian Contract guns and Schnellfeuers regardless of serial number. By serial number? All choices have drawbacks. There have been attempts to blame this vandalism on American troops, but for several reasons I don't buy it. In any event, this lack of records means that few dates can be established with certainty. Terms such as . A few contracts have known dates, such as the Italian contract for 5. Prussian contract for 1. But Mauser called them all . All other dates have been supplied after the fact, too often by collectors with more enthusiasm than accurate data. Although the Mauser serial number system is simple in theory - start at 1 and go up to whatever - it was violated in practice. Mauser skipped some sizeable blocks of numbers in the early days, sometimes filling them in subsequently with later- production pistols. And some contract guns had their own serial numbers, starting again at 1. The Schnellfeuer had its own series, also starting at 1. So Mauser actually made at least four C- 9. Low serial number guns with later production features turn up, implying smaller and otherwise unknown contract runs with their own serial ranges, so exactly how many guns with a particular serial number were actually made can be hard to determine. Higher serial numbers are unique, though, as the highest serial contract gun would be about 1. Prussian Contract, and the highest serial Schnellfeuer was somewhere around 9. So a high number like 8. M- 3. 0s, is a number unique among C- 9. A good example is 2. Wartime Commercial. But the immediately previous version, the Prewar Commercial, is found with serials well into the 2. Nearly all surviving Wartime Commercials have serials above the 2. So what exactly was going on at Mauser between the times the 2. Was 2. 32. 23. 2 actually made at the same time as the 2. At this late date it is generally impossible to say. She was then retrofitted with the New Safety hammer and safety lever. Since the only differences between the Prewar and Wartime commercial guns were those two parts, 2. Prewar to a Wartime Commercial. Perhaps that's how it happened, but absent a paper trail, we can't say for sure. Features actually observed on a particular gun are sufficient to categorize it. This is the rationale for the common classification of all C- 9. Cone Hammers, Large Ring Hammers, or Small Ring Hammers. Cone Hammers were made from approximately 1. Large Ring Hammers were made from approximately 1. All later guns have small ring hammers. This includes all the guns of the Stable Production Period. So other features become important. These features were - . Some guns with the earlier type (long) extractor (compare the earlier type on 4. Bolo, with the later type on 5. Prewar Commercial). Some guns chambered in an oddball 9 mm cartridge, 9 mm Mauser Export. Some guns with checkered hard rubber grips (here's an example on 3. Some guns with prominent importer or dealer marks, primarily (in the US) Von Lengerke & Detmold New- York (as on this Prewar Commercial, serial 5. Some guns with a Mauser banner mark rather than the more common Oberndorf address mark over the chamber (here's one on a Prewar Commercial, serial 9. Some early guns have the antler stamp of the Proof House at Ulm, in addition to the standard double crown over . NECKAR. Barrel, over chamber. Note that the A. NECKAR is important - there are several Oberndorfs in Germany and Austria, but only one Oberndorf am Neckar, on the river Neckar). The only manufacturing change was a switch from 4- groove to 6- groove rifling. The highest serial number I've so far seen with 4- groove rifling is 1. Example - gun 1. 04. The insides of the grip panels may be stamped with the full or partial serial number. Some parts may have partials or no numbers at all, such as the tangent sight (on the bottom, if it's there at all), the inside surface of the safety lever, or the side of the sear. I have seen a gun in the 6. The sear and safety lever marking may have been dropped later, as I've never seen them on higher- numbered guns. Occasional partial serials on the bottom of the tangent sight persisted erratically into Postwar Bolo production. I don't believe I've ever seen a C- 9. These mystery numbers have no known significance. One of these is commonly found on the top of the barrel extension, under the sight. Here is a typical example. The Mauser Self- Loading Pistol claims that these numbers under the sight are contract numbers. However the gun in the photo, 1. She seems to be an absolutely box- stock Prewar Commercial, and I have little doubt that she followed tens of thousands of her identical sisters into routine commercial channels, and preceded tens of thousands more. All Prewar Commercials, except some of the earliest ones with hard rubber grip panels, have walnut grip panels with fine horizontal lines or grooves. The exact number of grooves varies. I recall seeing guns with 3. If there's a pattern as to which guns have which groove count, it's evaded me. On any individual gun, the left and right grip panels usually have the same number of grooves - but not always. My own database lists Prewar Commercials from 3. It superceded the Prewar Commercial, perhaps as early as 1. The war didn't start until August 1. Wartime Commercial nonetheless. It is identical to the Prewar Commercial (the later variety with six rifling grooves), except for a few changes - . Most Prewar Commercials have sights with the . The only internal change is to the hammer. The number of grooves in the grip panels continues to vary. However, my database has one with a much lower number - presenting serial 2. Wartime Commercial in all respects (New Safety, 3. My own database lists Wartime Commercials up to 4. The popular modern term is Red 9. This was a wartime military contract for 1. Despite occasional statements to the contrary, these were not prewar guns reworked to 9 mm. Except for the relatively poor finish, they are identical to the Wartime Commercial, with these specific exceptions - . Small clearance relief cut out of top of cartridge follower. Any gun bought by the government might have that mark. I have seen it on Prewar Commercials which were otherwise unmarked and unmodified - and were still chambered in 7. There may be a Prussian eagle stamp on the front of the magazine. My own database lists serials as high as 1. This by itself is not a problem, but it causes confusion with genuine 1. Contract guns. The rework involved - . Shortened barrel (with a new front sight soldered on). Fixed sight (tangent sight milled from top of barrel extension, and a fixed notch sight soldered on). That is, a gun so marked may have been reworked shortly after 1. Particularly because of the range of features, I don't consider these a real variant - that is, they don't help us out much in trying to account for factory production. I have seen guns with prominent . A real oddball is serial 1. Persian Contract gun, which still has all its Prewar Commercial features despite the . Production started in the early 1. Mauser satisfied these restrictions by reviving an older variant, popularly known as the Bolo. Although often called the . ACT Emergency Services Agency . The structure is approximately 3. ACT Fire & Rescue has three fire trucks, two CAFS tanker, the breathing aparartus support van, HAZMAT unit, Bronto aerial appliance, two commanders and superintendent on scene. An ambulance is also in attendance as a precaution. Smoke from the fire is becoming visible in nearby suburbs including over the border in Jerrabomberra and Queanbeyan. 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Converting DOS Batch Files to Shell Scripts. Quite a number of programmers learned scripting on a PC running DOS. Even the crippled DOS batch file. Technology keeps you connected everywhere you go, helps you capture every moment & makes your life a bit easier; stay up-to-date with tips & tricks from eHow. The first time you run the program remember to select the interface and port. Setup. If the program. You can select. the file to open through a dialog or drag and drop the file to open over the. Pony. Prog window. Pony. Prog recognize several different types of file format. S- record and raw binary. If the selected file doesn't. S- Rec; if also this operation fails. If the file has e. In. case of splitted Program/Data device like AVR and PIC the content of the data. Open Program (FLASH) File. This command is available only for splitted Program/Data devices. The buffer. is splitted in two different part for these devices: the first part for program. This command Open a file by name. You can select the file to open through a. The file to load may have one of these format: intel- hex, motorola S- record. Open Data (EEPROM) File. You can use TEXT to convert dates or any numeric value in a fixed format. You can explore available formats by navigating to Format Cells (Win: Ctrl + 1, Mac: Cmd + 1.1 Installing. Installing PonyProg depend on the system you have. With Windows95/98/ME or NT/2000/XP just run the Setup.exe and follow the instructions. NOTE: Cacls is now deprecated, please use Icacls. Displays or modifies access control lists (ACLs) of files CACLS filename This command is available only for splitted Program/Data devices. The buffer. is splitted in two different part for these devices: the first part for program. This command Open a file by name. You can select the file to open through a dialog. If no name has been specified. Save as. Open a dialog box where you can specify the name of the file. In the bottom. of the dialog box you can select the file format for the file to save (indicated. If you press OK the content of the current window will be. Have you ever tried to selectively remove content from a PDF file? There are a number of ways you can approach that: Use “Tools>Edit PDF>Edit” and select the. This is the DENX U-Boot and Linux Guide to Embedded PowerPC, ARM and MIPS Systems. The document describes how to configure, build and use the firmware. Ruby: The Integer class defines succ, pred, and next, which is a synonym for succ. The String class defines succ, succ! I chose "Delimited" with nothing as. I suggest to save always in e. The . bin format. Program (FLASH) File. This command is available only for splitted Program/Data devices. The buffer. is splitted in two different part for these devices: the first part for program. This command save the content of. A dialog box asks you the name. Data (EEPROM) File. This command is available only for splitted Program/Data devices. The buffer. is splitted in two different part for these devices: the first part for program. This command save the content of. A dialog box asks you the name. This command reload last opened files in the current window buffer. It's useful. when you need to edit/build the files from an external program (assembler/compiler). Open a dialog box where you can select the printer name and options. If you. press OK the content of the current window will be printed. Close the current window, if there is only one opened window a dialog window. Yes or No. If the current window. Close all the opened window and exit the program. If there is a modified window. Open a dialog box where you can edit a Chip id and a note. These two fields. Open). This dialog is especially useful for microcontrollers, because they could. The following screen. Note that. disabled bits (grayed) are not used or not modificable. AVR AT9. 0S4. 43. Security and Fuse bits. PIC 1. 6F8. 4CP: if checked all memory is code protected. PWRTE: if checked power- up timer is enabled. WDTE: if checked watchdog timer is disabled. FOSC1,FOSC0: oscillator selection bits. FOSC1. FOSC0. Statusnot checkednot checked. RC resistor/capacitor oscillatornot checkedchecked. HS high speed crystal/resonator oscillatorcheckednot checked. XT crystal/resonator oscillatorcheckedchecked. LP low power oscillator. AT8. 9S8. 25. 2Microchp 2. C6. 5 The dialog ask you to insert the first block and the number of blocks to lock. To lock the device the number of blocks must be. You can toggle this item either to enable or disable the edit mode. If the. edit mode is enabled you can modify the buffer content by clicking on a location. Two editing modes are available: hexadecimal editing. If you click on the HEX (center) part of the screen or press. ENTER you open a dialog where you can insert the new value for that byte in. If you click on the ASCII (right magenta). You can CUT & PASTE in the text entry dialog by the. Note that you can enable/disable only the edit. Select the type of current device. You have to select the device type before. Selecting an . There are some different device family. I. You can select. The current device type is stored in the . INI file, so the. To read and write I. Note that you can often replace a 2. C0. 1 eeprom with a new 2. C0. 2 eeprom. because it's fully compatible to the 2. C0. 1. Several microwire eeproms support two types of word organization: 1. The organization is selected with a pin connected to. VCC or GND. SI- Prog adapter connect this pin for 1. All. Read the content of a device in the current window buffer. Note that only. the devices that support probing report this type of message, other device simply. FF's (if the device is missed). The devices that support probing. XX, the AVR and some PIC. In the case of AVR device selected. Even some preproduction devices don't support auto. You can't read a locked device, to program it see Write. Since version 1. 1. AVR device (AT9. 0S2. If the. device is missing, or the device is locked, or the device is a preproduction. It asks you if you want to abort operation, retry. In case of a preproduction device just select . The buffer. is splitted in two different part for these devices: the first part for program. This command read only the program. This command is available only for splitted Program/Data devices. The buffer. is splitted in two different part for these devices: the first part for program. This command read only the data. Note that this command. To modify the security and configuration. All. Write the content of the current window buffer to a device. A dialog box ask. This operation can take a while. If you want to. stop the current write just press the . After the write. operation an automatic verify is executed. Finally a dialog box showing the. Before to perform a write I suggest to select the exact device type, not the. The buffer. is splitted in two different part for these devices: the first part for program. This command write only the program. The exception is the. AVR device: to write the program memory an erase is needed, so the data memory. Some AVR devices have EESAVE fuse bit, when programmed the EEPROM. This command is available only for splitted Program/Data devices. The buffer. is splitted in two different part for these devices: the first part for program. This command write only the data. Note that this command. To modify the security and configuration. All. Verify the content of a device, compares it to the content of the current. If you want to stop the verify just press. Finally a dialog box showing the result of the. This command is available only for splitted Program/Data devices. The buffer. is splitted in two different part for these devices: the first part for program. This command verify only the program. This command is available only for splitted Program/Data devices. The buffer. is splitted in two different part for these devices: the first part for program. This command verify only the data. Erase all the content of a device to FF's (both program and data memory). Note. that this command is implemented only for AVR and PIC devices. Shows some informations about the device. Some of these informations are showed. In the. case of AVR or PIC devices, it's equal to the sum of the program memory size. CRC calculated on the content of the buffer. Bank roll over. It's a characteristic of some old I. The Microchip 2. 4C6. It's useful with in- system applications. Execute a customizable sequence of commands. You can select the commands to. Select the commands to execute with the Program command. Clear the current window buffer with FF's. Fill the current window buffer with a character. A dialog box asks you to select. You can insert the value either in decimal (i. This command duplicates every bank in the current buffer and changes the device. A bank is a cluster of 2. This utility is useful to replace a SDA2. C0. 8 or a SDA2. 58. C1. 6. Example: you have to select the device. Then you have to perform a . It's. useful to convert from little endian representation to big endiand and viceversa. You can configure the serial number location, value and size. Every time you. execute this command the value is incremented. This command open a dialog box where you can configure the serial number locations. Open a dialog box where you can select the interface type and the port number. You can choose from several hardware interfaces. Pony. Prog Hardware interfaces. Note that only SI Prog support all devices. SI- Prog interface select . To use the . Then select the COM. COM ports are disabled it means that they are. If you use added COM ports (PCI. PCMCIA cards) you must use . Note that USB2. RS2. 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ZFS is a combined file system and logical volume manager designed by Sun Microsystems. The features of ZFS include protection against data corruption, support for. They took the time to learn about our. Interfacing with Hardware. These topics cover the hardware and software setup required to connect an Arduino device with a variety of electronic parts, chips and devices. 12 Configuring SSL. Configuring SSL is an optional step; however, Oracle recommends SSL for production environments. The following sections describe how to configure. In response, Open. ZFS was created as a new open- source development umbrella project. The user sees this as a single volume, containing an NTFS- formatted drive of their data, and NTFS is not necessarily aware of the manipulations that may be required (such as rebuilding the RAID array if a disk fails). 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ZFS is designed to ensure (subject to suitable hardware) that data stored on disks cannot be lost due to physical error or misprocessing by the hardware or operating system, or bit rot events and data corruption which may happen over time, and its complete control of the storage system is used to ensure that every step, whether related to file management or disk management, is verified, confirmed, corrected if needed, and optimized, in a way that storage controller cards, and separate volume and file managers cannot achieve. ZFS also includes a mechanism for snapshots and replication, including snapshot cloning; the former is described by the Free. BSD documentation as one of its . Snapshots can be rolled back . Checksums are stored with a block's parent block, rather than with the block itself. This contrasts with many file systems where checksums (if held) are stored with the data so that if the data is lost or corrupt, the checksum is also likely to be lost or incorrect. Can store a user- specified number of copies of data or metadata, or selected types of data, to improve the ability to recover from data corruption of important files and structures. Automatic rollback of recent changes to the file system and data, in some circumstances, in the event of an error or inconsistency. Automated and (usually) silent self- healing of data inconsistencies and write failure when detected, for all errors where the data is capable of reconstruction. Data can be reconstructed using all of the following: error detection and correction checksums stored in each block's parent block; multiple copies of data (including checksums) held on the disk; write intentions logged on the SLOG (ZIL) for writes that should have occurred but did not occur (after a power failure); parity data from RAID/RAIDZ disks and volumes; copies of data from mirrored disks and volumes. Native handling of standard RAID levels and additional ZFS RAID layouts (. The RAIDZ levels stripe data across only the disks required, for efficiency (many RAID systems stripe indiscriminately across all devices), and checksumming allows rebuilding of inconsistent or corrupted data to be minimised to those blocks with defects; Native handling of tiered storage and caching devices, which is usually a volume related task. Because it also understands the file system, it can use file- related knowledge to inform, integrate and optimize its tiered storage handling which a separate device cannot; Native handling of snapshots and backup/replication which can be made efficient by integrating the volume and file handling. ZFS can routinely take snapshots several times an hour of the data system, efficiently and quickly. For example, synchronous writes which are capable of slowing down the storage system can be converted to asynchronous writes by being written to a fast separate caching device, known as the SLOG (sometimes called the ZIL - ZFS Intent Log). Highly tunable - many internal parameters can be configured for optimal functionality. Can be used for high availability clusters and computing, although not fully designed for this use. Inappropriately specified systems. It expects or is designed with the assumption of a specific kind of hardware environment. If the system is not suitable for ZFS, then ZFS may underperform significantly. Common system design failures: Inadequate RAM — ZFS may use a large amount of memory in many scenarios; Inadequate disk free space — ZFS uses copy on write for data storage; its performance may suffer if the disk pool gets too close to full; 'No efficient dedicated SLOG device, when synchronous writing is prominent — this is notably the case for NFS and ESXi; even SSD based systems may need a separate SLOG device for expected performance. The SLOG device is only used for writing apart from when recovering from a system error. It can often be small (for example, in Free. NAS, the SLOG device only needs to store the largest amount of data likely to be written in about 1. SLOG is therefore unusual in that its main criteria are pure write functionality, low latency, and loss protection - usually little else matters. Lack of suitable caches, or misdesigned caches — for example, ZFS can cache read data in RAM (. While routine for other filing systems, ZFS handles RAID natively, and is designed to work with a raw and unmodified low level view of storage devices, so it can fully use its functionality. A separate RAID card may leave ZFS less efficient and reliable. For example ZFS checksums all data, but most RAID cards will not do this as effectively, or for cached data. Separate cards can also mislead ZFS about the state of data, for example after a crash, or by mis- signalling exactly when data has safely been written, and in some cases this can lead to issues and data loss. Separate cards can also slow down the system, sometimes greatly, by adding latency to every data read/write operation, or by undertaking full rebuilds of damaged arrays where ZFS would have only needed to do minor repairs of a few seconds. Features. Next, the block pointer is checksummed, with the value being saved at its pointer. This checksumming continues all the way up the file system's data hierarchy to the root node, which is also checksummed, thus creating a Merkle tree. ZFS stores the checksum of each block in its parent block pointer so the entire pool self- validates. If the checksums match, the data are passed up the programming stack to the process that asked for it; if the values do not match, then ZFS can heal the data if the storage pool provides data redundancy (such as with internal mirroring), assuming that the copy of data is undamaged and with matching checksums. If the data passes this integrity check, the system can then update the faulty copy with known- good data so that redundancy can be restored. ZFS and hardware RAID. If a hardware RAID card is used, ZFS always detects all data corruption but cannot always repair data corruption because the hardware RAID card will interfere. Therefore, the recommendation is to not use a hardware RAID card, or to flash a hardware RAID card into JBOD/IT mode. For ZFS to be able to guarantee data integrity, it needs to either have access to a RAID set (so all data is copied to at least two disks), or if one single disk is used, ZFS needs to enable redundancy (copies) which duplicates the data on the same logical drive. Using ZFS copies is a good feature to use on notebooks and desktop computers, since the disks are large and it at least provides some limited redundancy with just a single drive. There are several reasons as to why it is better to rely solely on ZFS by using several independent disks and RAID- Z or mirroring. When using hardware RAID, the controller usually adds controller- dependent data to the drives which prevents software RAID from accessing the user data. While it is possible to read the data with a compatible hardware RAID controller, this inconveniences consumers as a compatible controller usually isn't readily available. Using the JBOD/RAID- Z combination, any disk controller can be used to resume operation after a controller failure. Note that hardware RAID configured as JBOD may still detach drives that do not respond in time (as has been seen with many energy- efficient consumer- grade hard drives), and as such, may require TLER/CCTL/ERC- enabled drives to prevent drive dropouts. This, when combined with the copy- on- write transactional semantics of ZFS, eliminates the write hole error. RAID- Z is also faster than traditional RAID 5 because it does not need to perform the usual read- modify- write sequence. This would be impossible if the filesystem and the RAID array were separate products, whereas it becomes feasible when there is an integrated view of the logical and physical structure of the data. Going through the metadata means that ZFS can validate every block against its 2. RAID products usually cannot do this. Then, it repairs the damaged data and returns good data to the requestor. With RAID- Z, ZFS provides fast, reliable storage using cheap, commodity disks. The need for RAID- Z3 arose recently because RAID configurations with future disks (say, 6–1. TB) may take a long time to repair, the worst case being weeks. During those weeks, the rest of the disks in the RAID are stressed more because of the additional intensive repair process and might subsequently fail, too. Another Message From Our Lawyer. This is one of them. What’s up with orange as a car color? Who is even buying these? Orange is a great color, but not for cars. Here at Jalopnik, we try to use our own original photography as much as possible. For many of us, taking pictures is fun and we feel that it adds to the overall story. 2016 Audi S7: Real World Review. Audi has built on its success with a refreshed S, bringing more power and lithe chassis that feels like it’s milled out. ![]() Same goes for purple (unless you’re The Joker) and green. Cars should be black, red, gold, silver, navy. Yellow for taxis or Jurassic Park vehicles. White for rental cars and kidnapper vans.
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